Now she can only look forward to rare visits from people who have effectively become strangers to her. [19][20], In 1981, CeauÈescu began an austerity programme designed to enable Romania to liquidate its entire national debt ($10,000,000,000). It can go on for a long time shedding parts, but eventually the axle falls out. Selon une étude publiée en automne 2019[Laquelle ? Mais l'« affaire Ariana » (des agents de renseignement roumains font passer des informations aux Soviétiques)[13] montre, dans les années 1980, que cette politique « indépendante de Moscou » n'est qu'une façade : la Roumanie ne semble prendre ses distances que pour mieux assumer le rôle d'« ambassadeur » du Bloc de l'Est auprès des puissances infréquentables par celui-ci. En 1986, Ion Mihai Pacepa révèle, dans son livre Red Horizons: Chronicles of a Communist Spy Chief[14], plusieurs détails sur le régime de Ceaușescu, tels que sa collaboration avec des terroristes arabes, ses entreprises d'espionnage industriel aux États-Unis et ses efforts pour obtenir le soutien des pays occidentaux. It was a pivotal moment in the Romanian Revolution of 1989. Seuls bénéficient de soins corrects les pensionnaires de quelques établissements privilégiés, adoptables par des couples occidentaux, les taxes servant de sources de devises à l'État[26]. Les médecins sont soumis à de sévères enquêtes en cas de décès d'un fœtus ou d'un enfant de moins de trois ans dans sa famille ou à l'hôpital : en cas de doute sur leur probité ou responsabilité, le verdict de « sabotage » de la politique du Parti est prononcé, la prison ou le camp les attend. Recent items of interest by Belmont readers based on Amazon click-throughs. Expecting that they would be fired upon, they started to sing "DeÈteaptÄ-te, române!" Dans les années 1980, Ceaușescu ordonne l'exportation d'une grande partie des productions industrielle et agricole, afin de rembourser les dettes du pays. [31], By 10:00, as the radio broadcast was announcing the introduction of martial law and a ban on groups larger than five persons, hundreds of thousands of people were gathering for the first time, spontaneously, in central Bucharest (the previous day's crowd had come together at CeauÈescu's orders).
In one notable scene from the event, a young man waved a tricolour with the Communist coat of arms torn out of its centre while perched on the statue of Mihai Viteazul on Boulevard Mihail KogÄlniceanu in the University Square. Initially, much of the world's sympathy went to the FSN government under Ion Iliescu, a former member of the CPR leadership and a CeauÈescu ally prior to falling into the dictator's disfavour in the early 1980s. After CeauÈescu left, the crowds in Palace Square entered a celebratory mood, perhaps even more intense than in the other former Eastern Bloc countries because of the recent violence. What? [4] The Romanian Revolution started in the city of TimiÈoara and soon spread throughout the country, ultimately culminating in the show trial and execution of longtime Communist Party General Secretary Nicolae CeauÈescu and his wife Elena, and the end of 42 years of Communist rule in Romania. ", "Eastern Europe Struggles to purge Security Services", "Photos: Ceausescu's Palace of the Parliament, Bucharest | Geometry & Silence", "L.A.'s greatest sports moments No. Ainsi, en 1980, est organisée une célébration du 2 050e anniversaire du début du règne de Burebista, roi dace, au motif qu'il eût créé le premier « État centralisé » de Dacie (en fait, il n'a fait que fédérer les tribus daces pour s'immiscer dans la troisième guerre de Mithridate contre la république romaine, et cette confédération ne lui a pas survécu)[11],[19]. But rebellion begins involuntarily, at the Hayekian level. La rébellion se propage à Bucarest le 21 décembre 1989, à l'occasion d'un rassemblement de masse exigé par Ceaușescu pour montrer le soutien populaire au régime.
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